Power Structures in Early Rome

Trace The History Of Counseling Profession - 2081 Words

1. Trace the history of counseling profession in India? Introduction The concept of counseling is not of a recent one. That said, it must be noted that the accepted system and structures within it have digressed, though marginally, from traditional dialecticism between the people in the society. Guidance and Counseling is a persistent phenomenon present in every cultural and social setting; we seek counseling from elders, parents, teachers and other members in the family or the community. The significance of it is clearly understood in terms of its indispensability towards the growth and transitions of every individual for their wellbeing. The precept of counseling and guidance itself is also rooted very deeply in the doctrines of every religion. Thus in the same way, the conduct and the belief system of every person is directly or indirectly directed by our faith and conviction towards religion. Scholars have propounded many definitions to the understanding of the term counseling or guidance, some of which are as given below. Definition The term guidance and counseling have been loosely or interchangeably used. According to, Proctor. â€Å"Guidance is a process through which an individual or group of individual are helped to make necessary adjustment to the environment-inside or outside the school.† Kitson. â€Å"Guidance is individualized education.’ Each student is to be helped to develop himself to the maximum possible degree in all respect.† K.G.Rama Rao. â€Å"Guidance isShow MoreRelatedPublic Service Is A High Calling1740 Words   |  7 PagesPublic service is a high calling. A calling that certain individuals who are compassionate and enthusiastic about serving their communities at large are willing to dedicate their profession and skills to. 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Complaint letter Free Essays

Allay she informed me that Ms. Portfolio shouldn’t have left anymore have a chose to take the quiz at an other time, then went back to class take the MOA quiz 2. After I left the room from finishing what I could do on the quiz students that were done with their quiz had informed me that she had made a call on her cell phone to Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on Complaint letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Allay concerning me and allowing to speak freely among the other student calling me â€Å"malaria and grosser† and other slanderous words towards me, which I thought was very unprofessional of her to do. Also, she was very rude to speak about me in that manner. I was dumbfounded by how rude Ms. Portfolio behavior was today. After I was informed about the incident that had just occurred I went down to her office to confront her about it. She was speaking with Ms Allay about me, I didn’t hear exactly what was being said but saw a look of relief on her face that I was there, maybe she had thought we could talk things over. I told Ms. Portfolio that did not appreciate how she spoke about me so rudely in front Of the class and that I hope next time if she had something to say about a student it would be in private. She then got upset and told Ms. Allay to suspend me, I then got upset as well and spoke a little strongly to her saying â€Å"On what ground can you suspend me for if I have done anything wrong other than telling you that your actions were unprofessional, I have never disrespected you in any way, have not verbally or physically abused you† She then yelled out † If she still remains her I can no longer be here†. This altercation has upset me and embarrassed me, made me feel discouraged to continue my stay at your program. Ms. Portfolio makes me feel unwanted in the facility. Ultimately I am writing this letter with the hope that my complaint about Ms. Portfolio will be resolved. I appreciate the time you have taken to read this letter and consider the grievance that I have contacted you about. If you have any additional questions or would like to talk to me about resolution options. Can be contacted at my email address Eva. Jove. l@gmail. Com or my cell phone (415)635-9936. Would like to get this resolved as quickly as possible so that I can better fully focus on my studies and completing the rest of my nine month course here at MILS in healthy environment. How to cite Complaint letter, Papers

Learning Drug Misuse Among College Students â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Learning Drug Misuse Among College Students? Answer: Introduction The current topic focuses on the concept of the use of stimulants and its effect in on enhancing the academic performance of an individual. These are known as smart a drug which aggravates the process of educational doping. The drugs may vary in its expression within the community and the particular age groups. Recent surveys and evidences have suggested that Australian students use smart drugs at a rate higher than the Us and the Germany based students. In the current assignment, the case study of Wasim had been highlighted who a 29 year old boy is studying at an Australian University. He had come across this facebook post where most of his friends had been using smart drugs for enhancing their educational performances. However, Wasim is sceptical about the affectivity of these drugs in improving the grey matter quotient of an individual. Moreover, sufficient research and past exposure to a similar situation have helped Wasim in understanding that these smart drugs are suggested for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment. Reports and evidences have suggested that though the intake of the drugs can have some positive Impacts initially. However, long term use of the drugs can make an individual dependent and reduce their power of cognition. Analysing Authors expertise, qualifications and affiliations For the current context, two separate articles have taken into consideration for focussing upon the effect of drugs academic performance improvement. Therefore, the expertise, qualifications and affiliations possessed by the author of each separate article have been dealt with separately. Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students a qualitative approach (Hildt et al. 2014) The author seems to be working in the areas of psychiatry and psychotherapy along with philosophy. Out of these, KL and AGF belong to the department of psychotherapy and psychiatry, of the University medical centre Mainz, Germany. KL is the head of the department of psychotherapy and psychiatry, AGF is a trainee in the department. EH belongs to the department of philosophy and is an expert in the areas of Neurotics. EH, AGF, KL participated in conception of the study and design. The interviews were performed jointly by EH, CB, MC and AGF,. The transcriptions for the interviews were performed by DL. AGF and EH analysed the data and designed separate categories. Most of the authors participated in interpretation of the data, drafting of the report and in the revision of the manuscript. The affiliations of the authors are as follows: Department of philosophy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Department of psychiatry psychotherapy, University medical centre The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes (Munro et al. 2017) The articles have been authored by four different authors B.Munro, L. Weyandt, M. Marraccini, D. Oster. Weyandt and Munro have feelowship programs in interdisciplinary neuroscience program, University of Rhodes island, US. Oster works in the University of psychology, University of Rhodes island, US, whereas, Maricinni belongs to the Alpert medical school, brown university. Relation of conflicts of interest to the study findings There are a number of issues which often becomes a hurdle in the path of publication of the report. Some of these are reported in the form of conflicts of interest which often challenges the authenticity of a research publication. The COI often arises due to disparity where some of the points mentioned by the author do not qualify with the reality based evidences (Schelle et al. 2015). The development of such conflict of interest can often arise due to credit not given to an author for his specific contribution in the research paper and findings. For the present study the major conflict of interest have come from some of the other peer reviewed journals where the concerned author has claimed that the stimulants can actually be prescribed under serious conditions for improving the cognitive and thinking power of an individual. However as argued by Betancourt et al. (2013), the long term use addictive substances can have other serious health implications or reduce the self esteem of an individual in the long run. Research question aims/ hypothesis Article: Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students a qualitative approach Research question A critical research question here would be whether the participants of the interview actually felt positive changes within their academic performance with the use of the drugs The present study aims to reduce the lack of scientific and empirical data about factors and real world effects on academic performance enhancement. Article: The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes Aims: the study was focussed on EF globally and considered as a determining factor of the cognitive ability and thinking power possessed by an individual. Research hypothesis: The articles consist of two different research hypotheses such as: Students with reported cognitive deficits were more likely to use illicit academic performance stimulants To test the second outcome which is aimed at finding out the effect of NMUPs on cognitive functioning and academic outcomes an ANNOVA test was performed Authors justification of the need of the study The author highlights the emerging trend within the present Australian context where majority students have been seen to be dependent upon the use of stimulant to enhance their academic performance. However, a number of contradictions are observed to be present with the use of such illicit drugs to enhance the academic performance of individuals (Arria Compton, 2017). Some of the limitations which have been further reported through research and study are increased dependency in the students for the use of illicit drugs which reduces their self esteem. Additionally, the same had also been seen to have other serious health mental and physical exaggerations. In the present case study wasim had reportedly found a connection between the use of smart drugs for the treatment of conditions such as the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, unsupervised medications over longer periods of time could resulted in development of unexplained stress or melancholic situation by alteri ng the serotonin and dopamine concentration in the brain (Shepherd et al. 2016). Methods and methodology of research used in the study The methodology adopted for the present study design was qualitative in nature where open ended questionnaires were placed in front of the students. The students were asked a number of different questions and the interview responses collected were grouped into similar and disimilar responses. The similar responses were grouped into themes, which were further evaluated during the interview process. The interview recordings were made into transcript which was used for further comparative analysis. The participants were invited for the interview through the distribution of placards in the University billboards. An information sheet was displayed depicting sufficient information about the use of particular kind of drugs and the effects of the same on the health and cognition of the students. A list was provided asking the students regarding the illicit and non-supervised use of psycho stimulants such as amphetamines, methylphenidate. The students were asked to share their details anonymously. However, healthy students without any history of psychotic issues and disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity or schizophrenia or using psycho addictive medications such as Ritalin were considered for the study. The questionnaire was designed using set rules or guidelines where full confidentiality was maintained regrading the data collection procedure. This also helped in preserving some of the important details that is the such as the personal identities of the participants. The questions were asked mainly related to the surrounding conditions which the student towards the intake of such addictive drugs. They were also inquired regrading the amount of changes which was reflected among their grades and marks. Justifying the research methodology and the methods used study The researcher has used a qualitative research design for the data collection and analysis. In this respect, the students were interviewed on a face to face regarding the various situations or factors which might have force d them to undertake the use of such simulants for enhancing their academic performance. The structured open ended questionnaires thrown towards the students helped in the evaluation of the parameters which affects the cognitive and thinking ability of a person. participants in the study The participants selected were 18 healthy university students who had been reportedly using unsupervised medication or stimulants for the enchantment of their academic performance. The students were interviewed in a face to faces set up regarding the conditions or the situations which triggered the use of such substances by the students. The questions were also farmed covering the initial or the changed feelings of the students brought about by the consumption of the stimulants. The analysis provided by the students were used further for arriving at a suitable conclusion regarding the effects of the drugs and the influences the consumption of the same may produce on the cognitive thinking and abilities of a person(Nargiso et al. 2015). Hypothesis supporting the findings /conclusion A strong correlation has been seen to exist between poor performance in academics and the use of stimulants. Therefore, the evidences suggested by the authors have been truly justified where academic grades have often increased peer pressure among the students for the use of such drugs (Werry et al. 2013). Barriers to application of evidence in practise A number of limitations are thrown towards the application of the evidences in real life situations. This could be attributed to the contradictory views possessed by different educational concerns. Additionally, lack of sufficient knowledge among the student population regarding the use of such drugs and its health impacts can also affect dictate their preferences (Luca et al. 2016). Similarly, lack of sufficient support from allied educational concerns can also serve as a limitation. Alignment of the research studies with the PICO elements Factors Methods and outcome Patient, population, Problem In the current situation, 18 healthy university students were selected for a face to face interview where they were asked questions regarding the illicit use of smart drugs for enhancing academic performance Intervention supportive counselling framework provided to the students during the experiment duration to evaluate the effect of the effect the detachment the stimulants have on the students Comparison The data recorded from the students using stimulants were compared with the ones not using stimulants to analyse the effect of the same on students academic performance Outcome The students were subjected to follow up along with motivational interview sessions in order to understand the improvement in the overall academic grades of the students. Table 1: PICO (Source: Hildt et al. 2014) References Advokat, C., Scheithauer, M. (2013). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stimulant medications as cognitive enhancers.Frontiers in neuroscience,7. Arria, A. M., Compton, W. M. (2017). Complexities in understanding and addressing the serious public health issues related to the nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Arria, A. M., Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Cook, E. T., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Baron, R. A., OGrady, K. E. (2013). Drug use patterns in young adulthood and post-college employment.Drug and alcohol dependence,127(1), 23-30. Betancourt, J., Ros, J. L., Pagn, I., Fabin, C., Gonzlez, A. M., Cruz, S. Y., ... Palacios, C. (2013). Non-medical use of prescription drugs and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, dietary pattern, and perceived academic load and stress in college students in Puerto Rico.Puerto Rico health sciences journal,32(2). Clayton, H. B., Lowry, R., August, E., Jones, S. E. (2015). Nonmedical use of prescription drugs and sexual risk behaviors.Pediatrics, peds-2015. Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university studentsa qualitative approach.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 23. Kennedy, J. N., Bebarta, V. S., Varney, S. M., Zarzabal, L. A., Ganem, V. J. (2015). Prescription stimulant misuse in a military population.Military medicine,180(3S), 191-194. Luca, S. M., Franklin, C., Yueqi, Y., Johnson, S., Brownson, C. (2016). The relationship between suicide ideation, behavioral health, and college academic performance.Community mental health journal,52(5), 534-540. Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes.Addictive behaviors,65, 250-257. Nargiso, J. E., Ballard, E. L., Skeer, M. R. (2015). A systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs among youth in the United States: a social ecological perspective.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs,76(1), 5-20. Schelle, K. J., Olthof, B. M., Reintjes, W., Bundt, C., Gusman-Vermeer, J., van Mil, A. C. (2015). A survey of substance use for cognitive enhancement by university students in the Netherlands.Frontiers in systems neuroscience,9. Shepherd, J., Meteyer, K., Bruzios, K., Pol, J., Charpentier, M. (2016). Normative perceptions of peer substance use and party-related behaviors.InSight: Rivier Academic Journal,12(1). Skidmore, C. R., Kaufman, E. A., Crowell, S. E. (2016). Substance use among college students.Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics,25(4), 735-753. Watkins, W. C. (2016). A social learning approach to prescription drug misuse among college students.Deviant Behavior,37(6), 601-614. Werry, J. S., Aman, M. G. (Eds.). (2013).Practitioners guide to psychoactive drugs for children and adolescents. Springer Science Business Media.