Power Structures in Early Rome

Trace The History Of Counseling Profession - 2081 Words

1. Trace the history of counseling profession in India? Introduction The concept of counseling is not of a recent one. That said, it must be noted that the accepted system and structures within it have digressed, though marginally, from traditional dialecticism between the people in the society. Guidance and Counseling is a persistent phenomenon present in every cultural and social setting; we seek counseling from elders, parents, teachers and other members in the family or the community. The significance of it is clearly understood in terms of its indispensability towards the growth and transitions of every individual for their wellbeing. The precept of counseling and guidance itself is also rooted very deeply in the doctrines of every religion. Thus in the same way, the conduct and the belief system of every person is directly or indirectly directed by our faith and conviction towards religion. Scholars have propounded many definitions to the understanding of the term counseling or guidance, some of which are as given below. Definition The term guidance and counseling have been loosely or interchangeably used. According to, Proctor. â€Å"Guidance is a process through which an individual or group of individual are helped to make necessary adjustment to the environment-inside or outside the school.† Kitson. â€Å"Guidance is individualized education.’ Each student is to be helped to develop himself to the maximum possible degree in all respect.† K.G.Rama Rao. â€Å"Guidance isShow MoreRelatedPublic Service Is A High Calling1740 Words   |  7 PagesPublic service is a high calling. A calling that certain individuals who are compassionate and enthusiastic about serving their communities at large are willing to dedicate their profession and skills to. 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Complaint letter Free Essays

Allay she informed me that Ms. Portfolio shouldn’t have left anymore have a chose to take the quiz at an other time, then went back to class take the MOA quiz 2. After I left the room from finishing what I could do on the quiz students that were done with their quiz had informed me that she had made a call on her cell phone to Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on Complaint letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Allay concerning me and allowing to speak freely among the other student calling me â€Å"malaria and grosser† and other slanderous words towards me, which I thought was very unprofessional of her to do. Also, she was very rude to speak about me in that manner. I was dumbfounded by how rude Ms. Portfolio behavior was today. After I was informed about the incident that had just occurred I went down to her office to confront her about it. She was speaking with Ms Allay about me, I didn’t hear exactly what was being said but saw a look of relief on her face that I was there, maybe she had thought we could talk things over. I told Ms. Portfolio that did not appreciate how she spoke about me so rudely in front Of the class and that I hope next time if she had something to say about a student it would be in private. She then got upset and told Ms. Allay to suspend me, I then got upset as well and spoke a little strongly to her saying â€Å"On what ground can you suspend me for if I have done anything wrong other than telling you that your actions were unprofessional, I have never disrespected you in any way, have not verbally or physically abused you† She then yelled out † If she still remains her I can no longer be here†. This altercation has upset me and embarrassed me, made me feel discouraged to continue my stay at your program. Ms. Portfolio makes me feel unwanted in the facility. Ultimately I am writing this letter with the hope that my complaint about Ms. Portfolio will be resolved. I appreciate the time you have taken to read this letter and consider the grievance that I have contacted you about. If you have any additional questions or would like to talk to me about resolution options. Can be contacted at my email address Eva. Jove. l@gmail. Com or my cell phone (415)635-9936. Would like to get this resolved as quickly as possible so that I can better fully focus on my studies and completing the rest of my nine month course here at MILS in healthy environment. How to cite Complaint letter, Papers

Learning Drug Misuse Among College Students â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Learning Drug Misuse Among College Students? Answer: Introduction The current topic focuses on the concept of the use of stimulants and its effect in on enhancing the academic performance of an individual. These are known as smart a drug which aggravates the process of educational doping. The drugs may vary in its expression within the community and the particular age groups. Recent surveys and evidences have suggested that Australian students use smart drugs at a rate higher than the Us and the Germany based students. In the current assignment, the case study of Wasim had been highlighted who a 29 year old boy is studying at an Australian University. He had come across this facebook post where most of his friends had been using smart drugs for enhancing their educational performances. However, Wasim is sceptical about the affectivity of these drugs in improving the grey matter quotient of an individual. Moreover, sufficient research and past exposure to a similar situation have helped Wasim in understanding that these smart drugs are suggested for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment. Reports and evidences have suggested that though the intake of the drugs can have some positive Impacts initially. However, long term use of the drugs can make an individual dependent and reduce their power of cognition. Analysing Authors expertise, qualifications and affiliations For the current context, two separate articles have taken into consideration for focussing upon the effect of drugs academic performance improvement. Therefore, the expertise, qualifications and affiliations possessed by the author of each separate article have been dealt with separately. Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students a qualitative approach (Hildt et al. 2014) The author seems to be working in the areas of psychiatry and psychotherapy along with philosophy. Out of these, KL and AGF belong to the department of psychotherapy and psychiatry, of the University medical centre Mainz, Germany. KL is the head of the department of psychotherapy and psychiatry, AGF is a trainee in the department. EH belongs to the department of philosophy and is an expert in the areas of Neurotics. EH, AGF, KL participated in conception of the study and design. The interviews were performed jointly by EH, CB, MC and AGF,. The transcriptions for the interviews were performed by DL. AGF and EH analysed the data and designed separate categories. Most of the authors participated in interpretation of the data, drafting of the report and in the revision of the manuscript. The affiliations of the authors are as follows: Department of philosophy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Department of psychiatry psychotherapy, University medical centre The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes (Munro et al. 2017) The articles have been authored by four different authors B.Munro, L. Weyandt, M. Marraccini, D. Oster. Weyandt and Munro have feelowship programs in interdisciplinary neuroscience program, University of Rhodes island, US. Oster works in the University of psychology, University of Rhodes island, US, whereas, Maricinni belongs to the Alpert medical school, brown university. Relation of conflicts of interest to the study findings There are a number of issues which often becomes a hurdle in the path of publication of the report. Some of these are reported in the form of conflicts of interest which often challenges the authenticity of a research publication. The COI often arises due to disparity where some of the points mentioned by the author do not qualify with the reality based evidences (Schelle et al. 2015). The development of such conflict of interest can often arise due to credit not given to an author for his specific contribution in the research paper and findings. For the present study the major conflict of interest have come from some of the other peer reviewed journals where the concerned author has claimed that the stimulants can actually be prescribed under serious conditions for improving the cognitive and thinking power of an individual. However as argued by Betancourt et al. (2013), the long term use addictive substances can have other serious health implications or reduce the self esteem of an individual in the long run. Research question aims/ hypothesis Article: Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students a qualitative approach Research question A critical research question here would be whether the participants of the interview actually felt positive changes within their academic performance with the use of the drugs The present study aims to reduce the lack of scientific and empirical data about factors and real world effects on academic performance enhancement. Article: The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes Aims: the study was focussed on EF globally and considered as a determining factor of the cognitive ability and thinking power possessed by an individual. Research hypothesis: The articles consist of two different research hypotheses such as: Students with reported cognitive deficits were more likely to use illicit academic performance stimulants To test the second outcome which is aimed at finding out the effect of NMUPs on cognitive functioning and academic outcomes an ANNOVA test was performed Authors justification of the need of the study The author highlights the emerging trend within the present Australian context where majority students have been seen to be dependent upon the use of stimulant to enhance their academic performance. However, a number of contradictions are observed to be present with the use of such illicit drugs to enhance the academic performance of individuals (Arria Compton, 2017). Some of the limitations which have been further reported through research and study are increased dependency in the students for the use of illicit drugs which reduces their self esteem. Additionally, the same had also been seen to have other serious health mental and physical exaggerations. In the present case study wasim had reportedly found a connection between the use of smart drugs for the treatment of conditions such as the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, unsupervised medications over longer periods of time could resulted in development of unexplained stress or melancholic situation by alteri ng the serotonin and dopamine concentration in the brain (Shepherd et al. 2016). Methods and methodology of research used in the study The methodology adopted for the present study design was qualitative in nature where open ended questionnaires were placed in front of the students. The students were asked a number of different questions and the interview responses collected were grouped into similar and disimilar responses. The similar responses were grouped into themes, which were further evaluated during the interview process. The interview recordings were made into transcript which was used for further comparative analysis. The participants were invited for the interview through the distribution of placards in the University billboards. An information sheet was displayed depicting sufficient information about the use of particular kind of drugs and the effects of the same on the health and cognition of the students. A list was provided asking the students regarding the illicit and non-supervised use of psycho stimulants such as amphetamines, methylphenidate. The students were asked to share their details anonymously. However, healthy students without any history of psychotic issues and disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity or schizophrenia or using psycho addictive medications such as Ritalin were considered for the study. The questionnaire was designed using set rules or guidelines where full confidentiality was maintained regrading the data collection procedure. This also helped in preserving some of the important details that is the such as the personal identities of the participants. The questions were asked mainly related to the surrounding conditions which the student towards the intake of such addictive drugs. They were also inquired regrading the amount of changes which was reflected among their grades and marks. Justifying the research methodology and the methods used study The researcher has used a qualitative research design for the data collection and analysis. In this respect, the students were interviewed on a face to face regarding the various situations or factors which might have force d them to undertake the use of such simulants for enhancing their academic performance. The structured open ended questionnaires thrown towards the students helped in the evaluation of the parameters which affects the cognitive and thinking ability of a person. participants in the study The participants selected were 18 healthy university students who had been reportedly using unsupervised medication or stimulants for the enchantment of their academic performance. The students were interviewed in a face to faces set up regarding the conditions or the situations which triggered the use of such substances by the students. The questions were also farmed covering the initial or the changed feelings of the students brought about by the consumption of the stimulants. The analysis provided by the students were used further for arriving at a suitable conclusion regarding the effects of the drugs and the influences the consumption of the same may produce on the cognitive thinking and abilities of a person(Nargiso et al. 2015). Hypothesis supporting the findings /conclusion A strong correlation has been seen to exist between poor performance in academics and the use of stimulants. Therefore, the evidences suggested by the authors have been truly justified where academic grades have often increased peer pressure among the students for the use of such drugs (Werry et al. 2013). Barriers to application of evidence in practise A number of limitations are thrown towards the application of the evidences in real life situations. This could be attributed to the contradictory views possessed by different educational concerns. Additionally, lack of sufficient knowledge among the student population regarding the use of such drugs and its health impacts can also affect dictate their preferences (Luca et al. 2016). Similarly, lack of sufficient support from allied educational concerns can also serve as a limitation. Alignment of the research studies with the PICO elements Factors Methods and outcome Patient, population, Problem In the current situation, 18 healthy university students were selected for a face to face interview where they were asked questions regarding the illicit use of smart drugs for enhancing academic performance Intervention supportive counselling framework provided to the students during the experiment duration to evaluate the effect of the effect the detachment the stimulants have on the students Comparison The data recorded from the students using stimulants were compared with the ones not using stimulants to analyse the effect of the same on students academic performance Outcome The students were subjected to follow up along with motivational interview sessions in order to understand the improvement in the overall academic grades of the students. Table 1: PICO (Source: Hildt et al. 2014) References Advokat, C., Scheithauer, M. (2013). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stimulant medications as cognitive enhancers.Frontiers in neuroscience,7. Arria, A. M., Compton, W. M. (2017). Complexities in understanding and addressing the serious public health issues related to the nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Arria, A. M., Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Cook, E. T., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Baron, R. A., OGrady, K. E. (2013). Drug use patterns in young adulthood and post-college employment.Drug and alcohol dependence,127(1), 23-30. Betancourt, J., Ros, J. L., Pagn, I., Fabin, C., Gonzlez, A. M., Cruz, S. Y., ... Palacios, C. (2013). Non-medical use of prescription drugs and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, dietary pattern, and perceived academic load and stress in college students in Puerto Rico.Puerto Rico health sciences journal,32(2). Clayton, H. B., Lowry, R., August, E., Jones, S. E. (2015). Nonmedical use of prescription drugs and sexual risk behaviors.Pediatrics, peds-2015. Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university studentsa qualitative approach.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 23. Kennedy, J. N., Bebarta, V. S., Varney, S. M., Zarzabal, L. A., Ganem, V. J. (2015). Prescription stimulant misuse in a military population.Military medicine,180(3S), 191-194. Luca, S. M., Franklin, C., Yueqi, Y., Johnson, S., Brownson, C. (2016). The relationship between suicide ideation, behavioral health, and college academic performance.Community mental health journal,52(5), 534-540. Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes.Addictive behaviors,65, 250-257. Nargiso, J. E., Ballard, E. L., Skeer, M. R. (2015). A systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs among youth in the United States: a social ecological perspective.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs,76(1), 5-20. Schelle, K. J., Olthof, B. M., Reintjes, W., Bundt, C., Gusman-Vermeer, J., van Mil, A. C. (2015). A survey of substance use for cognitive enhancement by university students in the Netherlands.Frontiers in systems neuroscience,9. Shepherd, J., Meteyer, K., Bruzios, K., Pol, J., Charpentier, M. (2016). Normative perceptions of peer substance use and party-related behaviors.InSight: Rivier Academic Journal,12(1). Skidmore, C. R., Kaufman, E. A., Crowell, S. E. (2016). Substance use among college students.Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics,25(4), 735-753. Watkins, W. C. (2016). A social learning approach to prescription drug misuse among college students.Deviant Behavior,37(6), 601-614. Werry, J. S., Aman, M. G. (Eds.). (2013).Practitioners guide to psychoactive drugs for children and adolescents. Springer Science Business Media.

Consequentialism Is A Philosophical Theory That Offers A Systematic Ap

Consequentialism is a philosophical theory that offers a systematic approach to reaching ethical and moral conclusions. Consequentialists believe that in making a decision regarding a moral or ethical issue, one must heavily consider the outcome of the action. A moral and good decision would ultimately result in overall net happiness, and in contrast wrong and immoral actions would result in net displeasure or pain. At first, this theory seems logical in terms of weighing the utility actions that lead to promotion of good and happiness. However, closer investigation brings attention to the numerous objections and obvious conflicts with out basic moral intuitions. When adopting the theory of consequentialism, the decision-making process might seem far too simple. This theory provides a ?single criterion for right action.? (Arras 10) A moral decision can be made with ease, even in instances of dilemma, using the theory of consequentialism. According to the ?Greatest Happiness Principle,? a moral action or decision is one that tends to promote overall net happiness. On the other hand, an action that would be found morally unjust would ultimately produce the opposite of happiness. In the event that an action were to produce two different conditions, the right, or moral, action is one that produces the most overall happiness or pleasure. Besides the facility of the theory in reaching conclusions, consequentialism is one of impartiality. According to this theory, only the results of actions are relevant in assessing morality. One must discard ?considerations of ?intentions, feelings, or convictions.? (Arras 9) At the same time, ties to family and f riends, as well as the idea that suffering and sacrifice have moral value or worth, must be discarded. Adopting the idea of impartiality requires consideration to be given to all parties equally. One is no longer bound by such ties as kinship and can make unbiased decisions. Thus, alleviating a great amount of stress in coming to final conclusions. To the untrained eye, this theory seems quite appealing, but soon, the theory becomes riddled with inconsistencies and conflicts. The downfalls of this theory can be illustrated in the following case. There are five patients that are inflicted with a fatal disease. The agent's kin is afflicted with a fatal disease as well. A cure, however, can be made using the ground body parts of the agent's kin. There is no known cure for the disease of the agent's kin. A consequentialist would easily come to a moral decision by practicing the ideas of consequentialism. The fact that the one to be sacrificed in the agent's kin has no effect on the outcome. By sacrificing one, five are saved, and an outcome that provides a greater net positive is attained. Therefore, it would be, according to consequentialism, the agent's moral obligation to sacrifice his kin to save the five other people. Using this example, one can clearly object to the theory of consequentialism. We live in a society that teache s and nurtures the idea of close-knit family structures. We are taught to believe that ?blood is thicker than water? and that the ties of kinship are ones that withstand even the test of time. It would be virtually impossible to completely ignore the fact that the one to be sacrificed is in fact related to the agent. Even if it were possible, the idea of killing a fellow human being, albeit to save five others, contradicts our very basic moral intuitions that lead us to believe that the killing of another human, justified or not, is in fact immoral and inexcusable. Finally, because only the final outcome of the decision is relevant, one must carefully consider every possible outcome when judging whether or not more good or more harms will be the likely result. It would be virtually impossible to sit and ponder all the possible consequences of every action. Who is to say that the life of the sacrificed person is valued at 1/5 of the five saved as a whole? Because we cannot put a meas urable value on life, it is not plausible to assume that saving the five would result in more happiness and good. The previous example provides that the consequentialist would consider the idea of pondering every possible consequence of actions

Plate Tectonics Essays - Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift

Plate Tectonics Essays - Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Since the beginning of human kind there has been a cloud of wonder regarding the origin of our planet. Scientist interested in this field through out the years have developed many different theories to how our planet came about. Before the Twentieth Century, scientist and geologist alike revolved in the idea that Mountain building was due to the massive contractions of the earth caused by the gradual cooling of molten rocks. In 1900, American scientist Joseph Le Conte, published an article in the Appletons Popular Scientific Monthly. He described that the problem in understanding mountain building was establishing the cause of sideways pressure. The most obvious and as yet the most probable view is that it is the result of the secular contraction of the earth which has gone on throughout the whole history and is still going on. (2) It was not until 1910, that an American Geologist named F.B.Taylor, proposed the idea of a continental drift. His scientific peers dismissed Taylors idea, because there was just not enough proof. However, Taylors idea was then resurfaced by a German scientist named Alfred Wegener. He proposed that the continents surrounding the Atlantic Ocean, Africa and South America fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. Wegener was a balloonist, astronomer, explorer, meteorologist, while in his spare time he researched paleontology, geophysics and geology. His broad range of studies enabled him to incorporate his theory of Plate Tectonics. Wegener, later in 1915 while in sick leave from the German military published his idea that interpreted how his continental drift theory worked. He proposed that a huge landamass called Pangea, meaning (all land) existed 200 million years ago. He furthered explained that this super continent began to drift apart very slowly throughout millions of years into what it looks like now. Wegener went on several expeditions through out his life to the continents of South America and Africa. He came back with evidence to support his claim of plate tectonics. Wegener and his expedition brought back rock structures, fossils, and evidence of ancient climates. When it came to rock structures, Wegener looked for the similarities of the rocks found along coastlines and the mountain belts found on the continents. They looked at the mountain belts of the Appalachian Mountains and the Caledonian Mountains in Scandinavia and the British Isles. These two continuos belts contained similar rock structures and the ages of these rocks matched the on both ends of the African and South American continents. Wegener also found evidence of massive climatic changes. He researched and found out that ancient glacial deposits were found indicating that ice sheets covered a large part of the Southern Hemisphere, India and Australia. Wegener's explanation of the glaciation was that the landmasses where all fitted together as a super continent with South Africa centered over the South Pole. (1.) Pag. 474) He furthered explained that the Northern Hemisphere was near the equator supporting the idea of coal deposits being located there. Wegener was more intrigued o f the fact that fossilized remains were being found along South America and Africa. Remains of the aquatic prehistoric dinosaur called Mesosaurus were only found in eastern South America and Africa. Plant remains were also being found. For example the fossil fern Glossopteris were found sparingly throughout Africa, Australia, India, and South America. Furthermore, this plant was found in polar climates, supporting his theory of connected landmasses. Organisms like the Australian Marsupials and the marsupial opossums found in the Americas, which have a definite fossil link also supports Wegeners theory. Alfred Wegeners theories were not immediately accepted by the scientific community. One of his faults was that he could not prove how the continents moved across the globe. Wegeners suggestion was that tidal influence from the moon(1. Pag. 475) was to be credited. However the science community proved him wrong. Eventhough he was in the right direction, he could not completely and precisely determine how the continental drift was accomplished. Therefore, his theories were dropped as rubbish. Essentially, Wegener was ahead of his time. It was not until years later that other scientist cleaned up some of Wegeners mistakes and resurfaced the Plate Tectonics theory. Thanks to the study of magnetism a whole

HR Manager Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Manager Interview - Essay Example Ahmed has held these positions since 1999. He also holds a Masters degree in Economics. Ayoub was born and raised in Jordan. He is currently in the positions of training manager and acting human resources manager. Ayoub has attained a Masters degree in Economics. In 1993, Ayoub moved to Qatar and have thus been working for the Qatar International Islamic Bank for over 15 years. One of the driving factors that led Ayoub to a career in human resources management was that it is a wide open field and much enjoyment can be received from it. Ayoub’s strengths in the human resources department are that he is well-organized, shows great leadership qualities, displays intuition, and tries to get the most out of fellow coworkers. One of the biggest challenges that Ayoub has faced during his career was when he was picked to work in the finance department. Unfortunately, his background in accounting was very weak. To remedy this problem, he took immediate action to gain as much knowledge as he could in a relatively short space of time. In his current role, Ayoub is in charge of imposing the bank’s policies of the human resources department. One thing that Ayoub mentioned was the key stages in the recruitment process of a human resources department. The first thing is to advertise the job far and wide so that many highly skilled candidates can apply. The next step is to sort out all of the CVs based on the job description. Qualifications and experience are also key things to consider. A shortlist then needs to be made and phone interviews conducted with each candidate on the list. Once this list can be shortened down, each of the remaining candidates can be given a face-to-face interview. The final decision is then made after each of the final candidates has been interviewed in person. Ayoub said that when it comes to stress in the workplace, the key is to develop existing support systems to make them more efficient. Specialization

Family and children's issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family and children's issues - Essay Example Some of the countries that had deemed spanking as illegal are Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and New Zealand to mention a few (Legal Reforms). Professional organizations also oppose to spanking as a way to discipline a child; one of these organizations is the American Psychological Association (Corporal Punishment). They argue that resorting to physical punishment would not discipline a child but would instead teach the child to instill authority by physical means. In some parts of these countries and organizations’ argument, it is agreeable that other people should not do the spanking because the parents are the only ones who should spank their children. However, this does not give parents freedom to hurt their child whenever the child makes a mistake. The psychological state and values of the parents are a big factor and should be greatly considered in this issue. The state and the organizations should have first considered teaching parents how to be responsible instead of instan tly prohibiting this way of disciplining a child. It can be stated then that guarding responsible parenthood should have been the first matter that these countries had looked into. Responsible parenthood should be also be approached first for further studies and development by these professional organizations since it is the behavior of the parents first that should be controlled. After all, the parents are the immediate adults the children interact with and not the people from the state or from the research

Answers to Burger King case study questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answers to Burger King questions - Case Study Example Franchising helps to increase the profitability of the business and eliminate unnecessary start up cost. The success of the fast food industry does not only depend upon the franchising method but also depends upon implementation of effective marketing strategies. To achieve global leadership in its industry a fast food restaurant needs to set a series of financial goal and strategic goals. Global leadership by a fast food restaurant can be attained if a company is adept at discovering the new market opportunities, establishing a strong presence in the international markets and securing a competitive advantage. Effective strategic planning is required for attaining profitability in the domestic and international markets. Firstly, the management of the company needs to clearly define its reasons for expanding its operation in the foreign market. A comparative analysis of the political social, cultural environment of different countries would be required for screening purposes. Critical Success Factors are strongly related to the mission and strategic goals of your business or project. ... e production process (How long the French fries must be fried?) 4) Hygiene standards must be maintained in all the branches of the fast food restaurant 5) Standardized menu must be available worldwide (Cao â€Å"Comparison of customers' perceptions of service quality between different management forms in fast food restaurants†). The other key success factor include proper distribution channels, innovative advertising strategies etc. It is a well accepted fact that fast food restaurants should have a sound understanding of the consumer behavior, tastes and preferences and fast food outlets and how it differs across various countries. Understanding the cultural differences between the countries will help the fast food restaurant to customize their menu as per the taste and preference of the local customers. For example McDonalds serves lamburgers in India because beef and pork burgers are not served for religious purposes. In USA and Canada people prefer to eat most of their mea ls outside their homes (Vivavegie â€Å"Fast food facts from the super size me web site†). It is observed that the consumer spending on fast food does not decrease even during recession due to the quick serving ability and its reduced price. The timing of the delivery of the food also plays a prominent role in the customer service of the fast food restaurants. Since obesity has become major health concern in the USA, UK and Canada, the fast food restaurants need to lay emphasis on nutritional requirement and calorie content of the fast food. Thus we can say that factors like 1) Taste of food 2) Hygiene 3) Service response time 4) Pricing of the product 5) Courtesy and behavior of the employees 6) Operating hours 7) Variety in menu 8) Nutritional requirement in the food 9) Amenity play an important

Business Applications Of Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Business Applications Of Information Systems Information Technology Essay Introduction Information System handles the flow and maintenance of information that supports a business or some other operation. Information is derived from meaningful interpretation of data. Data consists of the raw facts representing events occurring in the environment. An Information System can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. All information systems can be described as organizational and management solutions to challenges posed by the environment. An understanding of the effective and responsible use and management of information systems and technologies is important for managers, business professionals, and other knowledge workers in todays internetworked enterprises. Information systems play a vital role in the e-business and e-commerce operations, enterprise collaboration and management, and strategic success of businesses that must operate in an internetworked global environment. Thus, the field of information systems has become a major functional area of business administration. Business Applications of Information Systems Information systems perform three vital roles in business firms. Business applications of IS support an organizations business processes and operations, business decision-making, and strategic competitive advantage. Major application categories of information systems include operations support systems, such as transaction processing systems, process control systems, and enterprise collaboration systems, and management support systems, such as management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Other major categories are expert systems, knowledge management systems, strategic information systems, and functional business systems. However, in the real world most application categories are combined into cross-functional information systems that provide information and support for decision-making and also perform operational information processing activities. An information system (IS) can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminate information in an organization. Information Technologies:Business professionals rely on many types of information systems that use a variety of information technologies. For example: Types of IS- Manual (paper-and-pencil) information systems- Informal (word-of-mouth) information systems- Formal (written procedures) information systems- Computer-based information systems Computer-based information systems (IS) use hardware, software, the Internet, and other telecommunications networks, computer-based data resource management techniques, and other forms of information technologies (IT) to transform data resources into a variety of information products for consumers and business professionals. The role of Information System in an Organisation Information systems perform three vital roles in any type of organization. That is, they support an organizations: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Business processes and operations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Decision making by employees and managers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Strategies for competitive advantage Analysing Royal Caribbean International We can learn a lot about the challenges of revitalizing and redirecting information technology in a company from the Real World Case of Royal Caribbean International. Take a few minutes to read it, and we will discuss it (See Royal Caribbean International: Renewing and Realigning IT with Business in Section IX). The Major Roles of IS: Examples [Figure 1.9] Three major roles of the business applications of information systems include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Support Business Processes involves dealing with information systems that support the business processes and operations in a business. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Support Decision Making help decision makers to make better decisions and attempt to gain a competitive advantage. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Support Competitive Advantage help decision makers to gain a strategic advantage over competitors requires innovative use of information technology. Information System Implementation New information technologies offer scholarly publishers an historic opportunity to increase speed and efficiency of production, add convenience for contributors, and enhance value for readers. The implementation of these systems, however, involves substantial risk. Information technology (IT) projects can and often do fall short of their objectives for a variety of reasons, including cost overruns, resistance from staff or external users, and failure of the technology to perform as expected Elements of complete IS implementation 1 . Development of computer applications for business transactions, such as production, marketing, selling, etc. 2 . Development of management information systems for effective business control 3 . Planned introduction and use of computers and telecommunications 4. Creation of an overall systems and standards architecture for technology, applications and data 5. Development of information systems for business planning 6. Improved productivity in information systems and computing 7. Development of appropriate staff resources 8. Development of internal support systems (payroll, personnel, pensions, etc.) Information System Implementation Success Implementing systems such as the electronic medical record and computerized physician order entry is a complex and difficult organizational undertaking. These implementations require political mobilization of the medical and nursing staffs, reengineering of clinical processes, significant capital commitments, management of large-scale projects and major changes to the IT infrastructure. The magnitude of this undertaking leads to a high failure rate, which some estimate to be as high as 50 percent. Still, some organizations have succeeded thanks to a combination of clear goals, partnership and implementation skills: Strong organizational vision and strategy. Successful organizations have developed a vision of patient care and a strategy to achieve that vision that is compelling, clear and understood by the members of the organization. This vision describes the critical need for excellence in care delivery and points to clinical systems as essential, strategic contributions to the vision. Most information systems initiatives do not require the bedrock of a compelling organizational vision, but clinical information system implementations do. These systems require the commitment and efforts of virtually all staff. They require deep change in operational and clinical processes. And, they require that other investment opportunities be put off, often for several years. For information system implementations of this significance to succeed, the organization must understand why it is doing so and believe that success is essential. Talented and committed leadership. Systems implementation and the related changes in the organization must be guided by senior leadership. This leadership must come from the board and all senior members of the administrative and medical staffs. These leaders must have the ability to inspire and mobilize others to get things done. They must actively engage in changing the organization, and once committed, they must have the strength to thoughtfully stay the course. These leaders must ask hard questions about the systems and their implementation. And they must be pragmaticsuperb practitioners of the art of the possible. A partnership between the clinical, administrative and information technology staffs. Across the strata of the organization, many effective, multidisciplinary teams will be needed. These teams will design information systems, develop new ways to do the work, revise policies and procedures, craft implementation steps, develop training materials and create approaches to resolving inevitable problems. Team members must view their efforts as a partnership. They must illustrate the attributes of high performance teams: skilled, honest, dedicated, willing to compromise and focused on the overall goal. Excellent implementation skills. The implementation of complex information systems requires deep skill. These skills need to occur in two critical areas: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Project management is needed to define, manage and monitor the large number of tasks, staff and resources that are being brought to the implementation. Good project management requires clear definitions of scope, well-reasoned delineation of tasks, astute assignment of accountability for task performance, flexibility in addressing problems and necessary changes in direction, and the ability to identify and resolve problems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Support is the set of activities that causes an application to stick, that is, to become an integral part of the fabric of practice. Support includes training, responsive enhancements, ongoing communication, discussion of status and problems, and crafting the evolution of clinical policies and procedures. Good to excellent IT. No information system is perfect, and users will find limitations in any clinical information system. Nonetheless, the applications need to be good enough to support the work that needs to be done. These systems must be able to handle critical changes in functionality that are required to address desired workflow and reporting needs. These systems should improve the work lives of providers rather than hinder them. Types of implementation plans Three general tactical implementation plans: The process of putting the new information system online and retiring the old system is known as system changeover. There are four changeover methods which are: > Direct cutover: The direct cutover approach causes the changeover from the old system to the new system to occur immediately when the new system becomes operational. It is the least expensive but involves more risks than other changeover methods. Advantage As we know health centre does not have enough funds for implementing the new system so it would be easier to implement direct cutover method in the health centre. Disadvantage This method of system changeover involves more risks of total system failure and it is preferred for commercial software packages. So if there is a system failure in health centre then it will be difficult to store information of child who visits health centre. And if there is no proper storage then there will be incorrect reports and monitoring of childs health will not be properly done. > Parallel operation: The parallel operation changeover method requires that both the old and the new information systems operate fully for a specified period. Data is input to both systems and output generated by the new system is compared with the equivalent output from the old system. When users, management, and IT group are satisfied that the new system operates correctly then the old system is terminated. It is the most costly changeover method and involves lower risks. Advantage The advantage of parallel system is lower risk of system failure so all the tasks can be done properly at health centre. If the new system does not work properly, the health centre can use the old manual system as a backup until appropriate changes are made. Disadvantage As we know parallel system is the most costly changeover method as both old and new systems operate fully for specified period and we also know that the budget of health centre is also low so it will be difficult for health centre to follow this changeover process. > Pilot operation: The pilot changeover method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of a company. Direct cutover method and operating both systems for only the pilot site. The group that uses the new system first is called the pilot site. By restricting the implementation to a pilot site reduces the risk of system failure as compared with is less expensive than a parallel system. Advantages Pilot operation is combination of both direct cutover and parallel operation, which restricts the implementation to a pilot site and reduces risk of system failure as compared with a direct cutover method. Operating system only at pilot site is less expensive than parallel operation for entire health centre and all health centers. If we use parallel approach to complete the implementation then the changeover period can be much shorter if system proves successful at the pilot site so a lot of time will be consumed at health centre in implementing the new system. Disadvantage This method is also costly as compared to the direct cutover. > Phased operation: The phased operation changeover method involves implementing the new system in stages, or modules. We can implement each subsystem by using any of the other three changeover methods. In this approach risk of errors or failures is limited to the implemented module only as well as it is less expensive than the full parallel operation. For implementing child health information system we can use above methods but there are some advantages as well disadvantages of using these systems, which are explained below: Advantages As we know in this method we have to implement the new system in stages, or modules, which is less prone to risk of system failure or errors at health centers, as failure is limited to the implemented module only. It is also less expensive than parallel system because we have to work only with one part of system at a time. Disadvantage As the system, which we are implementing, involves various phased operation like treatment, measuring weight, registration, vaccination etc so it can cost more than the pilot approach. Recommendation As we can determine from above information that pilot approach is the best approach where we can see the combination of less risks as well as less implementation cost because. There are many health centers so we can implement the new system only at any one of the health centers to check whether it is working appropriately or not. And this method is also cheaper than all other metho

The Book Flush Summary :: essays research papers

Flush This takes place in the Florida Keys up to Miami. It is placed in modern day time. This story happens in the summer. This book is about a family whose dad is a tour guild. He used to work with a man name Dusty Muleman. He said that one day he was going to form a new business. He owned a casino boat that was parked in Indian Territory. He made a deal with the Indians that he could gamble on their waters and pay them a part of the profit. Since his ship the Coral Queen never left the dock passengers did not get see sick and continued to gamble and spend money. In order to save money he dumps his waste from the holding tanks into the ocean at night when nobody is looking. Noah’s dad a person who stands up for the environment sinks his boat and is put in jail. Noah and his sister decide to try and find a way to stop him. They talk to their dad and he tells them that he worked with a man called Lice Pecking. He says the he also worked on the boat and he could testify on the fact that Dusty really did dump his waste into the ocean. It turns out he is kidnapped and is unable to testify. They meet his wife Shelly. She tells them that she will help them stop Dusty’s Casino scam. She tells him that she wants to work as a bartender in Dusty’s Boat. She tells them that one night she stays late and sees Dusty dumping the waste from the ship. A few days later he goes to a small pond and sees a park ranger putting up signs that say the water in the pond is contaminated from human waste. Since there are many boats docked in the harbors its impossible to see what boat the waste is actually coming from. They then get the idea to color the waste with a very bright dye and allow after us seeps out the trail of brightly colored water will be tracked back to dusty’s boat. They then go into a food store and purchase 35 bottles of Fuchsia dye. They then tell Shelly their plan. They tell her that Noah will hide in a box full of rum and wait till it is picked up and placed on the ship he then will go into a restroom and Shelly will tack on an out of order sign.

One-Party State: Texas vs. Oklahoma Essay

Texas: For over a 100 years Texas was a one-party state of Democrats (Munisteri). Republicans did not have a chance until Abraham Lincoln who was against slavery and defended the Union during the Civil War. During this time before Republicans took over Texas was free-willed and won majority of seats in the race and had all seats in Legislature. One of the best ways to describe this era was best stated by Author Steven, â€Å"developed a free spirit, a pride in self-reliance and a work ethic that is still unmatched today â€Å"Early Texans lived, loved and died entirely by their own efforts without relying on government to fulfill their needs. Just like modern Texans, early settlers believed in families, churches and neighbors, not in bureaucracy† (Munisteri). Oklahoma: Just like the Texans, Oklahoma was always a one-party state of Democrats. It was secured in the Democratic Party and Republican did not have a chance. Even in 1964 Republicans won their first election, the Demo crats still held 81% of seats (Gaddie). In the 1990’s Republican took over and still run the show. Which party dominated Texas politics (for most of Texas’s history after the 1876 Constitution), and what are the historical origins behind this dominance? Texas: Democrats dominated Texas politics from 1863 to 1980. Still Democrats remained powerful, they gradually drowned. The Cause of this power was Texas did not vote in 1864 and 1868 due to the Civil War and Reconstruction and from 1902 through 1965, Texas had basically stopped most blacks and many Latinos and poor whites through the poll tax and white primaries by not allowing them to register to vote. Oklahoma: Oklahoma was dominated by Democrats almost their entire existence. From 1907 up until the 1990’s the Democratic Party ran Oklahoma as a state. The reason for this is stated in the article written by Gaddie, â€Å"For decades the bedrock of Democratic Party strength has been the southeastern part of the state, â€Å"Little Dixie.† This region imported not just people, but also local culture, place names, architecture, and political tradition directly from a variety of southern states, especially Mississippi† (Gaddie). In addition the most prominent people to support the Democrat Part come from Little Dixie as well. What were some of the ramifications of one-party  rule? After researching and reading articles on Texas and Oklahoma one-party states, I came to the conclusion that the consequences would be harsh, or were harsh. It would make these states communist. Meaning government control all even the way citizens live and operate. They became robotic. What caused the rise of a two-party system in Texas? The division of ideas led to the creation of the two-party system. The main issue between the two parties was how they believed the Constitution should be read and interpreted. When George Washington was president he assigned to people to his cabinet. Hamilton and Jefferson both which seen differences in the constitution. One believe that so of the constitution was good the other believe that some of it was inappropriate. This cause a rift and a split into a two-party system (AP U.S. History Notes). Why do some people (including your professor) believe that Texas is once again a one-party state? Texas: For many and many that sit down and speak on Texas and its politics see that Republicans run everything to see how everything that the President promotes they reject and are successful. The cost of living, the assistance giving to the needy diminishing and the way the rich and wealthy are catered to make me and others feel t is a one-sided situation and bring us to Texas being a one-pa rty state. Texas and Oklahoma both have 2% Democrats and 98% Republicans, it is very plain to see that both are a one-party state (538 Politics). Cite: Aboukhadijeh, Feross. â€Å"Development of the Two-party System – AP U.S. History Topic Outlines – Study Notes.† Development of the Two-party System – AP U.S. History Topic Outlines – Study Notes. StudyNotes.org. Study Notes, Inc., 17 Nov. 2012. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. . Gaddie, Ronald. â€Å"DEMOCRATIC PARTY.† DEMOCRATIC PARTY. Oklahoma Historical Society. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. . Munisteri, Steve. â€Å"Overview and History – Republican Party of Texas.† Republican Party of Texas RSS. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. . Silver, Nate. â€Å"FiveThirtyEight Senate Forecast: GOP Is Slight Favorite in Race for Senate Control.† FiveThirtyEight. 23 Mar. 2014. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. .

Creative Ideas for Elementary Classroom Bulletin Boards

Creative Ideas for Elementary Classroom Bulletin Boards Classroom bulletin boards are a great way to display student work in an organized and attractive manner. Whether youre creating a seasonal board, teaching board, or bragging board, its a fun way to dress up a plain wall to correlate with your teaching idea or style. Back to School These back to school bulletin board ideas are a great way to welcome students back for a new school year. Teachers Corner offers a variety of ideas such as: A Brand New Bunch of _______ Graders.Recipe for a Great School Year.Blast off to a Great Year.Checkin and Check Us Out. Welcome Back.Darting into a New Year.Look Whos Hanging Out in _______ Grade.Quack, Quack Welcome Back.Stepping in _______.Welcome Aboard______.Welcome to a Fin-Tastic Year. Birthdays A birthday bulletin board is a great way to honor and celebrate the most important day in your students lives. Help make you students feel special, and use the ideas from the Teachers Corner to help celebrate their birthday. Ideas Include: Eating Our Way to Another BirthdayBirthday TrainA Sea of BirthdaysHappy BearthdayMonthly Birthdays Seasonal Your classroom bulletin board is the ideal place to educate your students about the seasons and upcoming holidays. Use this blank slate to express your students creativity and display their best work. DLTK-Teach lists monthly bulletin board ideas by title and theme. Some ideas include: January - New YearFebruary - Pinch Us Were in LoveMarch - St. Patricks Day - Our Little LeprechaunsApril - Some Bunny Loved MeMay - Fluttering into SpringJune - Sailing into SummerJuly - Under the Summer SkySeptember - Welcome to Our SchoolOctober - Are You Scared?November - Give ThanksDecember - Its Snow Secret End of the School Year If you are looking for a way to wrap up the school year, or help students look forward to the next school year, this bulletin board website shares great ideas such as: Were Antsy for ______ Grade.This Year Flew By...Our Summers Looking Bright! Miscellaneous Bulletin Boards After scouring the internet, talking to fellow educators and gathering some ideas of my own, board the following is a list of the best miscellaneous board titles for elementary classrooms. I was Caught Doing Something Good.Dive into a Good Book.A Tee-rific Class.Mrs.____Great Catch.Go Bananas for School.We Present You with Our Wishes for Christmas.Welcome to ______School. You fit right in!Look Whoos in Our Room.When We Learn We Grow.Mrs._____ Class is in Full Bloom.Look Whos Been Spotted in ____.Buzz on into _____ Class.A Fresh Bash of Smart Cookies.School in September is TREE-Mendous.Surf on into _____.Look Whos Hiding in the Pumpkin Patch?Good Work Has Been Spotted.This Year is Going to Rule.Popping Through Our _____.Wild About Learning.Were on the Road to_____.Camping Out Under the Stars.Hop Into Learning. Tips and Suggestions Here are some helpful tips to help you improve and create effective classroom displays. Use borders to frame your display. Some unique ideas include Christmas lights, tassels, paper shapes, beads, monopoly money, feathers, rope, pictures, muffin cups, vocabulary words, etc.To make your display stand out use a creative background. Some fun ideas are to use a checkerboard pattern, polka-dots, a plain black background,  tablecloth, newspaper,f abric, wrapping paper, cellophane, netting, a brick pattern, etc.Be creative with your letters. Use different items to create words such as glitter, yarn, string, magazine letters, shadow letters or sand.

SLEEP DEFICIENCY Example

SLEEP DEFICIENCY Example SLEEP DEFICIENCY – Term Paper Example Sleep Deficiency Sleep deficiency occurs when a person is unable to get the amount of sleep that is required if that person is to function normally throughout the day. It is a medical problem that can further lead to other sleeping issues, such as insomnia or sleep apnea. Some of the causes of sleep deficiency are stress, aging, medication, weight, behavior, and the sleep environment of the individual. Many of these reasons develop into patterns that can cause severe sleep deprivation. Stress, especially now, is one of the leading causes of sleep deficiency. The more a person is stressed, the harder it is for them to fall asleep. The more this happens, the stronger a pattern is formed until they are depriving themselves of many hours that should be spent sleeping. An overactive mind makes it difficult for the rest of the body to settle down when it is time to sleep. As a person gets older, they begin to lose the need to sleep longer at night, even though it is still required to main tain good health. Old age in itself, with the random pains of arthritis and other pains connected with aging, is enough to keep a person up at night. Restless begins to take over and sleep becomes harder to come by. Medication is another cause of sleep deficiency, as many medications may induce restlessness or anxiety, which would not allow a person to fall asleep. Since most medications of this kind are prescriptions, the lack of sleep becomes a pattern; unfortunately, it tends to be difficult to break from a sleep-deprived pattern when it is a prescription medication that is causing it. The more overweight a person is, the harder it is for them to get to sleep. Obesity is another higher cause for sleep deprivation; the individual, while maybe feeling sluggish, may also feel restless and just simply unable to get to sleep. Depending on the kinds of foods that they eat, such as anything that is high in sugar or caffeinated beverages, may also increase their inability to fall asleep. Behavior, while not a leading cause of sleep deficiency, but one of the most common symptoms, disables a person from settling down enough or getting comfortable to fall asleep. Some people cannot sleep simply because they cannot, whether it is from restlessness or insomnia. The sleep environment of a person is the most important thing to consider when going to bed. Noises, lights, and other distractions makes it difficult for a persons mind to shut down for them to fall asleep. If there is too much going on within the sleep environment, a person is unable to relax their mind enough to sleep, causing restlessness and insomnia, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Paprocki, Sherry Beck. Sleep Disorders. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2008.

Engineering Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering - Coursework Example Identify the problem. 2. Find the best solution quickly. 3. Carry out the solution. 4. Get a routine follow-up afterwards. 5. Make sure to check with your doctor occasionally. 1.4: (30 words) First I would completely clean and clear off the workspace. After that, I would lay out all the necessary materials, including the layout above everything and then start my assembly. 1.5: (125 words) Risk assessment in the engineering workshop includes making sure that everything is in place properly before and after work is begun. Hazards may be minimized by ensuring that all elements (whether they be electrical or chemical in nature) are handled appropriately, using proper PPE techniques, precautionary measures, and any other preemptive measures in order to prevent unnecessary injury or damage to property. In order to improve the safety of the workplace in the PPE environment, it is a good idea to make sure that the handling of all materials are in accordance with health regulations as dictate d by the region in which one is living. There may also be various local ordinances one may have to be aware of, so that is important to note. 1.6: (125 words) Cleanliness. The workspace should always be clean and neat. It is a bad idea to even think of accidentally mixing chemicals, which could either explode or give off toxic gases. In a PPE environment that is well-maintained, that is much less likely to happen. The workspace should be cleaned before and after assembly. Orderliness. The workspace should be completely orderly and neat. Every object should have its place. Safety. Every safety measure that is operable should be employed in order to secure and assure the safety of the person or people working in the lab. At no time should any safety regulations be overlooked. Workspace Designed to Code. The workspace should be designed to local and federal code. There aren’t exceptions. Tasks -- Part 2 2.1: (30 words) The chosen events are: A) Fire breakout; and B) Chemical spi llage. Your report should address the points like: How you would report the incident. A) Call the fire department. B) Call the Poison Control Center. The documents you will use. A) Use the document on the fire extinguisher. B) Read about the chemicals involved in the spill. Who you would report this incident to. A) You would report this first to the fire department, then supervisors. B) You would report this first to the paramedics, then to supervisors. If someone was injured how you would get help. A & B) Wait for paramedics to arrive but lay the person flat on their back if possible in either case. 2.2: (30 words) To maintain good working relationships, one must: 1. Be polite, prompt, prepared, and participatory. 2. Maintain professional conduct at all times. 3. Keep one’s workspace clean and neat every day. 2.3 (125 words) 1. Make sure all the exits are marked clearly. A lot of the exits that were noted were not marked clearly as exits†¦ important if there is a fire a nd one needs to escape. 2. Make sure there are easily-readable escape plans posted throughout the building. Occasionally floor plans were hung up regarding which door(s) to escape through when dealing with a fire. However, there were not as many as one would’ve liked. 3. Have the fire department’s number located on all the maps. This will make calling the fire department easy in case of a fire. Also, the number of the local police on campus maps would also be helpful. 4. Have a good intercampus communication

The Educational Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Educational Experience - Essay Example During her high school days, she had a lot of chores to perform at home after school and this did not give her a chance to study. She was the only lady in her family and therefore she had to assist her mother with the cooking after school after completing other tasks like washing the kitchen utensils and fetching water for use for the following day. Because her task burden, she could not compete well with her male counterparts. That made her be always last in her class, but the trend changed while in college. In college, she had all the time to do her personal studies and the many tasks that she used to perform during her high school days were greatly reduced. According to the two authors that is Adrienne Rich and John Tierney, the aspect of disparate opportunities for both the gender causes the difference in their education as in the situation of Dawn Riley. In her school days, her performance was dismal and that was due to the numerous chores that she used to perform after school r eprieving her chance to study. Educational history and choices The high school educational history of my friend provides a perfect platform to complement on the argument of the Adrienne Rich. Her history will support the argument of Adrienne Rich about women not receiving an equal opportunity in education (Adrienne 2). According to this author, most of the male view the female students as prey and this stereotype mind has greatly affected women students. The female, on the other hand, has also been made to believe that their assertive behavior might cause them of their marriages and this belief has made the female students failures. A lot of humiliation and self-doubt have always engulfed the minds of the female students because of the various mind raping that has been implanted in them by the male students (Adrienne 6). The choices between the two genders when it comes to professionalism also tend to support the arguments of the authors about choices. Most of the courses which are considered difficult have very few female students, unlike the male students who have the numbers in all courses. The authors were right when they said that the educational choices between the two genders are also different. The element of dividing issues to worry about has also been pinpointed by the authors to be a determinant of the educational differences between the two genders. This line of argument according to my opinion is right because female students have many things to worry about as compared to their male counterparts. For purposes of equality in education then the female and the male students should be given equal opportunity. Overburdening the female student with a lot of chores after school always reprieve them the chance to properly focus on their studies. The male students should also shun from their stereotype mindset of viewing the female students as preys. The aspect of considering the female students as preys always make them close up in terms of their particip ation in class related aspects (Adrienne 12). The author went further and started the difference that exists between the female and the male even at the workplace caused by the school life of the two genders (Adrienne 12). The female students also need to put away the intellectual self-doubt as this would cause them a lot in terms of their academic carriers.        

The Ship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Ship Management - Essay Example Nowadays, Management of vessels is getting tougher even more because of the omnipresent media which plays the eye and mouth of the cynical public and due to increased regulations. And, these factors apart from making the management tougher have worked as catalyst to initiate social changes. That is, as mentioned above, the concept of social responsibility is not a compulsion on the part of the shipping industry and its managers. So the older companies, which operated ships during the absence of these media and regulations, had no such compulsions. These ship management companies and its business managers had no such obligations and allowed pollution to continue and did not care much for the society. Also, they just concentrated on running the ships without any attempt to diversify into CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). The mindset of the business managers of that time was, they questioned the need for Social responsibility for shipping companies because ships mostly operate in i solation in far away waters of the world. That is, the view of the shipping managers is that, as the ship does not operate in the vicinity or living area of a large number of people, there is no need to cater to them. But as the media starting making its presence, the people in the vicinity of the shipping operations got to know more than they knew about shipping. That is, how the improperly maintained ships could cause anything from deaths to sea creatures to threats to human lives. Firstly, if the shipping companies does not periodically test the physical capabilities of the ship before it leaves into the sea, it can lead to catastrophe like drowning or sinking of the whole ship. Then, with the development of this world, the need for oil became a never-ending thing and ships only supplied this oil to all the countries in the world. But, due to events which could be triggered by nature or due to the faults of the shipping companies, the oil may get spilled, leading to the destructi on of the environment, particularly sea environment and its inhabitants. Other threat from ships could come in the form of harmful chemicals emitted during breaking of the ship. So all these threats of ships, initiated major changes in the functioning of the shipping management companies and its business managers. The business managers understanding the serious nature of the problem put their minds to come up with strategies that can overcome this negative fallout. And, the important tool they got is the concept of social responsibility. That is, to nullify this image and create a favorable image for the shipping management companies in the minds of the people, they started concentrating on social responsibility. So, these reasons only forced a change in the positive direction in the sector of social responsibility. And to show this social responsibility, the business managers integrated certain policies in the shipping management’s overall strategy. As mentioned before they can do this firstly by organizing separate events or actions like donations, giving aid to patients etc, etc- all these will fulfill its social responsibility. Or by integrating certain policies or rules like MARPOL into their setup, which apart from helping the organization in smooth and effective functioning, also helps to fulfill its social responsibility.     And the many shipping management companies and its business managers as part of their business policy of showing the social responsibility are conducting events. And in this section we can look how one of the major shipping Management Company and its business manager are carrying out certain activities to fulfill their social responsibility. And for example we take a look at the initiatives of Riverlake, a Swiss independent company created and registered in Geneva in 1985.

Requirements of legislation Essay Example for Free

Requirements of legislation Essay Explain how the requirements of legislation, codes of practice and agreed ways of working influence professional supervision. Legislation has leaded us to the point of view that supervision is the requirement for all staff: 1) National Minimum Standards – Supplying good practice of supervision is a mandatory requirement set by National Minimum Standards in UK– covering all criteria and aspects of practice (for example policy and procedures; job descriptions and keeping a balance between outcomes for organisation and the development of the staff), career development needs – (for instance professional training), ensuring that staff gets support from supervisors in the area where they are not coping well. In my setting the staff is supported for acquiring continuous professional development courses offered on-line by the HighScope Research Foundation, time is set for in-house CPD sessions by supervisors. One- to one sessions are held by the supervisor to identify the gaps and allocate the distribution of CPD. Staff is given clear guide lines on safe guarding and other policies, procedures and the job descriptions, realistic outcomes are set for the nursery by supervision, keeping in view the current level of development of the staff. 2) Revised EYFS Welfare requirements In our practices this has lead to staff being advised to report to any inappropriate behavior of other staff leading to abuse and neglecting of children in the setting and the supervisors maintain absolute confidentiality of such matters Use of mobile phone is prohibited. Staff is not allowed to take pictures of children from their mobile phones. Alternatively sharing pictures on social media websites is strictly prohibited Staff is encouraged to take on CPD – 100% financial aid is provided to take online HighScope courses, once the gaps are identified by talking through the supervisor. 3) CWDC resources – performance management and dynamic and enabling supervisory relationship – This has provided a supervision tool, where quality and service standards are met at the same time retaining the staff. In my setting staff is encouraged to take new skills and knowledge and implement them. They take balanced and calculated risks and experience their new learning in action, without the supervisors taking control of their activities and blaming them for unexpected outcomes. Eventually this leads to success in outcomes. High quality care services are provided with new skills, development of integrated working is supported along with CPD. Bibliography: Book: Jane Cook, (2013) Leadership and Management is Early Years, Practical Pre-School Books Website: www.makingthedifference.com.au//professional-supervision https://www.childwelfare.gov/management/mgmt_supervision/performance/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_indicator

Royal Institute Of British Architects Work Plan Stages

Royal Institute Of British Architects Work Plan Stages The RIBA Plan of Work describes the activities from appraising the clients requirements through to post construction. The stages are also used in the appointment of architects and help to identify consultant services and indicate the resource and fee total by Work Stage. The information below is in accordance with CABE principles (Creating Excellent Buildings: A guide for clients, 2003, CABE and Being involved in School Design, 2004, CABE)) and the RIBA Plan of Work. The choice of procurement route has a fundamental influence on how different Work Stages proceed. This is summarised in outline as far as possible but the exact way in which different Stages are conducted within the overall project programme needs careful consideration at the outset. It is worth noting that the RIBA Plan of Work was originally developed to reflect the needs of Traditional contract forms. The subsequent development of alternative contract forms such as PFI, BSF and partnered contracts means that RIBA Stages dont necessarily fit precisely with discrete stages in these alternative contract forms. The Achieving Excellence in Construction Procurement guide 11 Sustainability identifies the intervention points for larger programmes such as BSF including PFI. See www.ogc.gov.uk. Any project needs a vision and key performance indicators to be identified up front. They should be assessed at each stage to monitor achievement and check that they are still appropriate. For a project that wants to integrate sustainability in all aspects of a project this is even more important, as for many clients it will involve some changes to conventional methods and new ways of working need strong management support if they are to be successfully implemented. KPIs should be identified in the early project stages for the whole of the Prepare, Design, Construct and Use cycle. RIBA Work Stage (Common name) People involved Purpose of work and decisions needed Tasks to be undertaken PREPARATION RIBA Stage A Appraisal (Briefing) All client interests, architect/ lead designer (depending on procurement route) Identification of Clients requirements and any possible constraints on development. Preparation of studies to enable the Client to decide whether to proceed and to select the probable procurement method. The latter is a particularly important decision, as it will determine the way in which project resources, responsibilities and risks are apportioned between the Client and its consultants and contractors. Set up project steering group or equivalent and identify the vision and key performance indicators (KPIs) for the project. Consider funding and procurement route- BSF, Academy, DfES bid, LEA resources, school, other agencies. Traditional contract: Submit funding bid to DfES Appoint Design Team PFI/BSF contract: Prepare option appraisals Submit outline business case (OBC) Obtain OBC approval Fix budget for project Advertise in OJEU Partnering contract: Advertise for and select partnering contractor Develop scheme with client and contractor to determine budget Appoint design advisor, education expert and design champion. Set up Client organisation for briefing RIBA Stage B Preparing Strategic Brief Clients representatives, consortium/ partnering team members, architects, engineers and QS according to the nature of the project. Preparation of general outline of requirements and planning of future action on behalf of, the client with client confirming key requirements and constraints. Identification of procedures, organisational structure and range of consultants and others to be engaged for the project. The strategic brief is a key output from this stage and becomes the clear responsibility of the client. Studies of user requirements, site conditions, planning, design and cost etc, as necessary to reach decisions Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. LEA prepares accommodation schedules in consultation with schools. Traditional contract: Sketch design proposals Cost check against budget Prepare final detailed brief. PFI/BSF contract: Select shortlist of bidders. Prepare ITN and issue to bidders Receive bids from bidders Evaluate sample designs (BSF) Evaluate and select Preferred Bidder Partnering contract: Decide Partnering Programme (workshops etc.) Cost check against budget DESIGN RIBA Stage C Outline proposals Stage C begins when the architects brief has been determined in sufficient detail (Sketch plans) All client interests, consortium/ partnering team members, architects, engineers, QS and specialists are required. Provide the client with an appraisal and recommendation in order that they may determine the form in which the project is to proceed. Ensure that it is feasible functionally, technically and financially. At this point the development of the strategic brief into the full project brief begins and outline design proposals and cost estimates are prepared. Develop the brief further. Do studies on user requirements, technical aspects, planning, design and costs as necessary to reach decisions. Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. Traditional contract: C to F Detailed design and tender documentation produced PFI/BSF contract: C to F Negotiations with preferred Bidder to finalise contract details. Non sample designs prepared in BSF Partnering contract: C to F Final design developed jointly within budget constraints, most likely to an Agreed Maximum Price (AMP). The Brief should not be modified substantially after this point. Depending on the procurement route, changes after this stage can incur additional cost or lengthen the programme. DESIGN RIBA Stage D Scheme Design &Planning; Detailed Proposals; Submit Planning Application (Planning drawings) All client interests, architects, engineers, QS and specialists and all statutory and other approving authorities, contractor (if appointed). Determines the general approach to the layout, design and construction in order to obtain authoritative approval of the client on the outline proposals. The project brief will be fully developed and detailed proposals will be made and compiled, generally in a Stage D report. The application for full development control approval will be made at this point. Complete final development brief and full design of the project by the architect. Engineers prepare preliminary design. Preparation of cost plan and full explanatory report. Submit proposals for all approvals. Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. Traditional contract: C to F Detailed design and tender documentation produced PFI/BSF contract: C to F Negotiations with preferred Bidder to finalise contract details. Non sample designs prepared in BSF Partnering contract: C to F Final design developed jointly within budget constraints, most likely to an Agreed Maximum Price (AMP). DESIGN RIBA Stage E Detail Design; Final proposals. All client interests, architects, engineers, QS and specialists and all statutory and other approving authorities, contractor (if appointed). Completion of the brief with decisions made on the planning arrangement, appearance, construction method, outline specification and cost of the project. All approvals will be obtained at this stage, including for Building Regulations. In effect, during this Stage final proposals are developed for the Project sufficient for co-ordination of all its components and elements to realise the construction. Full design of every part and component of the building by collaboration of all concerned. Complete cost checking of designs. Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. Traditional contract: C to F Detailed design and tender documentation produced PFI/BSF contract: C to F Negotiations with preferred Bidder to finalise contract details. Non sample designs prepared in BSF Partnering contract: C to F Final design developed jointly within budget constraints most likely to an Agreed Maximum Price (AMP). Any further change in location, size, shape, construction method or cost after this time is likely to result in abortive work. Some procurement methods can make it easier and less costly to make changes after this Stage. DESIGN RIBA Stage F Production information Architects, QS, engineers and specialists, contractor (if appointed). Final decisions taken on every matter related to design, specification, construction and cost. For a traditional procurement process, production information is first prepared in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained. Any further production information required under the building contract to complete the information for construction is then prepared. All statutory approvals should be obtained by the end of this phase. Prepare final production information i.e. drawings, schedules and specifications. Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. Traditional contract: C to F Detailed design and tender documentation produced PFI/BSF contract: C to F Negotiations with preferred Bidder to finalise contract details. Non sample designs prepared in BSF Partnering contract: C to F Final design developed jointly within budget constraints, most likely to an Agreed Maximum Price (AMP). DESIGN RIBA Stage G Tender documents; Bills of Quantities Architects, engineers and specialists. Contractor (if appointed) Prepare and collate tender documentation in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained for the construction of the Project. It should be noted that this Stage is much more relevant to Traditional forms of procurement. Prepare Bills of Quantities and tender documents Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project Traditional contract: G to H Tendering process contractor selected PFI/BSF contract: G to H PFI contract signed LEP established in BSF Negotiations with contractor for future phases in BSF Partnering contract: G to H Contract signed Maximum price (AMP) fixed DESIGN RIBA Stage H Tender action Architects, QS, engineers, contractor, client. Prepare and complete all information and arrangements for obtaining tender(s). Identify potential contractors and/or specialists for the construction of the project. Tenders obtained and appraised with recommendations made to the client body or Steering Group to allow an appointment to be made. It is important that the contractors understanding of, and commitment to, the project vision and its sustainability is tested at this stage. This can be achieved by the inclusion of this as a key selection criterion early in the procurement process. Hold pre-tender briefing for potential contractors to ensure they have a good project understanding Obtain and appraise tenders Appoint contractor Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. CONSTRUCT CONSTRUCT CONSTRUCT RIBA Stage J Project Planning; Mobilisation (Site Operations) Architects, QS, engineers, contractor, client Building contract let and contractor appointed Production information issued to the contractor Site is handed over to the contractor Take action in accordance with the RIBA Plan of Work Appoint contractor Hand over site to contractor to prepare prior to construction Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. Traditional contract: J to M Construction monitored by design team PFI/BSF contract: J to M Construction of first phase Facilities Management (FM) service delivery commences on completion Partnering contract: J to M Contractor, design ream and client continue to partner to achieve budget/programme RIBA Stage K Operations on Site; Construction to Practical Completion (Site Operations) Contractors, sub-contractors Contractor programmes the work in accordance with the contract and commences work on site. The client or their representative the architect in Traditional procurement administers the building contract up to and including practical completion (this is the point at which the contractor hands back ownership of the site and completed project to the client). Further information supplied to the contractor as and when reasonably required. Take action in accordance with the RIBA Plan of Work Regular site inspections of work to ensure it meets specification. Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project RIBA Stage L Completion (Site Operations) Architects, engineers, contractors, sub-contractors, QS, client This Stage is clearly separated from the construction phase. Final inspections are made to ensure specifications have been met. In addition, the final account is settled Take action in accordance with the RIBA Plan of Work Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project USE RIBA Stage M Feedback Architect, engineers, QS, contractor, client, users as appropriate At this Stage, the building has been handed over to the client for occupation. Any defects will have been remedied and the final account settled. This allows the management, construction and performance of the project to be assessed. Analyse job records and inspect completed building(s) as appropriate. Conduct studies of the building in use. These are particularly important to focus on energy in use against the design specification. Monitor performance against the vision and KPIs for the project. The RIBA Stages conclude at Stage M. For projects to be sustainable, the operational and decommissioning phases need to be separately identified and planned for by the client. For PFI/BSF procurement, these will be the responsibility of the consortium.

Defined Roles: Hazardous or Beneficial Essay -- Gender Roles, Trifles,

Throughout the 20th century, women were labeled by their gender roles in society. These roles isolate women from men in many aspects of life. The role of women during this time was centered on being an excellent mother and caretaker of the house. Women that achieved their gender role in this society were honored, but those who failed where subject to isolation from both classes. The play Trifles illustrates some of the common gender roles associated with women and how it affected their interactions together. One of the very first examples of the differing views occurring by these roles is their different perspective of the house. From the women’s perspective, the house possesses meaning far deeper than a place of shelter. It is a place of refuge where privacy should not be comprised. Mrs. Peter’s reaction to the fruit is another example of the differing perspectives. She says â€Å"oh, her fruit: it did freeze. She worried about that when it turned so cold† (Glaspell 1970). This depicts very nicely how the gender role of women is encompasses the house especially the kitchen. This also illustrates that these roles provided a means of connection for women at this time. One of the reasons Mrs. Peter is concerned about Mrs. Wright fruit, is because she is familiar with this task and knows the time and effort put into it. The men are encu mbered by their gender role and therefore react to the situation without this compassion. Instead, the men merely poke fun at the outlandish idea of a woman â€Å"held for murder and worrying about her preserves† (Glaspell 1970). The men do however notice the disorder of the house specifically the kitchen and immediately judge her as awful housekeeper. In this era, the primary job of the wife was to car... ... unskilled in making decisions regarding her own health. Throughout the story, John is seen controlling even the simplest actions of his wife. John inadvertently transforms her into a different person. She hides her true feeling afraid of how they would be interrupted. She completely looses herself in what John wants her to be. Her desires and feeling become masked, and only through the wall-paper does she express her true internal unhappiness. Since she was released from her role of caregiver and housekeeper, she turned to writing which was unacceptable for her recovery. She was driven to insanity because she was stripped of role that dominated her life. In these societies, roles dictated many aspects of life. To many women the role of mother and housekeeper was enough. Yet, for the women who wanted to step out of this â€Å"norm† scrutiny awaited.

Coca Cola Advertising

Strengths 1. The best global brand in the world in terms of value. According to Interbrand, The Coca Cola Company is the most valued ($77,839 billion) brand in the world. 2. World’s largest market share in beverage. Coca Cola holds the largest beverage market share in the world (about 40%). 3. Strong marketing and advertising. Coca Cola’ advertising expenses accounted for more than $3 billion in 2012 and increased firm’s sales and brand recognition. 4.Most extensive beverage distribution channel. Coca Cola serves more than 200 countries and more than 1. 7 billion servings a day. 5. Customer loyalty. The firm enjoys having one of the most loyal consumer groups. 6. Bargaining power over suppliers. The Coca Cola Company is the largest beverage producer in the world and exerts significant power over its suppliers to receive the lowest price available from them. 7. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Coca Cola is increasingly focusing on CSR programs, such as recycl ing/packaging, energy conservation/climate change, active healthy living, water stewardship and many others, which boosts company’ social image and result in competitive advantage over competitors. Weaknesses 1. Significant focus on carbonated drinks. The Coca Cola Company is still focusing on selling Coke, Fanta, Sprite and other carbonated drinks. This strategy works in short term as consumption of carbonated drinks will grow in emerging economies but it will prove weak as the world is fighting obesity and is moving towards consuming healthier food and drinks. . Undiversified product portfolio. Unlike most company’s competitors, Coca Cola is still focusing only on selling beverage, which puts the firm at disadvantage. The overall consumption of soft drinks is stagnating and Coca Cola Company will find it hard to penetrate to other markets (selling food or snacks) when it will have to sustain current level of growth. 3. High debt level due to acquisitions. Nearly $8 b illion of debt acquired from CCE’s acquisition significantly increased Coca Cola's debt level, interest rates and borrowing costs. . Negative publicity. The firm is often criticized for high water consumption in water scarce regions and using harmful ingredients to produce its drinks. 5. Brand failures or many brands with insignificant amount of revenues. Coca Cola currently sells more than 500 brands but only few of the brands result in more than $1 billion sales. Plus, the firm’s success of introducing new drinks is weak. Many of its introduction result in failures, for example, C2 drink. Coca Cola Advertising Strengths 1. The best global brand in the world in terms of value. According to Interbrand, The Coca Cola Company is the most valued ($77,839 billion) brand in the world. 2. World’s largest market share in beverage. Coca Cola holds the largest beverage market share in the world (about 40%). 3. Strong marketing and advertising. Coca Cola’ advertising expenses accounted for more than $3 billion in 2012 and increased firm’s sales and brand recognition. 4.Most extensive beverage distribution channel. Coca Cola serves more than 200 countries and more than 1. 7 billion servings a day. 5. Customer loyalty. The firm enjoys having one of the most loyal consumer groups. 6. Bargaining power over suppliers. The Coca Cola Company is the largest beverage producer in the world and exerts significant power over its suppliers to receive the lowest price available from them. 7. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Coca Cola is increasingly focusing on CSR programs, such as recycl ing/packaging, energy conservation/climate change, active healthy living, water stewardship and many others, which boosts company’ social image and result in competitive advantage over competitors. Weaknesses 1. Significant focus on carbonated drinks. The Coca Cola Company is still focusing on selling Coke, Fanta, Sprite and other carbonated drinks. This strategy works in short term as consumption of carbonated drinks will grow in emerging economies but it will prove weak as the world is fighting obesity and is moving towards consuming healthier food and drinks. . Undiversified product portfolio. Unlike most company’s competitors, Coca Cola is still focusing only on selling beverage, which puts the firm at disadvantage. The overall consumption of soft drinks is stagnating and Coca Cola Company will find it hard to penetrate to other markets (selling food or snacks) when it will have to sustain current level of growth. 3. High debt level due to acquisitions. Nearly $8 b illion of debt acquired from CCE’s acquisition significantly increased Coca Cola's debt level, interest rates and borrowing costs. . Negative publicity. The firm is often criticized for high water consumption in water scarce regions and using harmful ingredients to produce its drinks. 5. Brand failures or many brands with insignificant amount of revenues. Coca Cola currently sells more than 500 brands but only few of the brands result in more than $1 billion sales. Plus, the firm’s success of introducing new drinks is weak. Many of its introduction result in failures, for example, C2 drink.